https://www.pjammr.com/index.php/pjammr <p><strong>Pakistan Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research</strong> (PJAMMR) is a peer-reviewed, open-access medical journal published by the Nowshera Medical College Nowshera in Pakistan. The journal aims to promote research and education in the field of Multi Scripting journal and related disciplines. PJAMMR provides a platform for the dissemination of high-quality, original research articles, case reports, reviews, and letters to the editor. The journal covers a wide range of topics including Subject matters include studies in clinical areas like immunology, anesthesia, cardiovascular medicine, complementary medicine, dentistry, and oral medicine, pathology, pharmacology and therapeutics, dermatology, respiratory therapy, rheumatology, drugs and medicines, ear, nose and throat/otolaryngology, emergency medicine, infectious diseases, neurology, nutrition and metabolism, obstetrics and gynecology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, geriatric medicine, hematology, oncology, ophthalmology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology, renal medicine, pharmacognosy, sexual health, urology, epidemiology, ethnic studies, health policy, occupational health, medical education, legal and forensic medicine, environmental medicine and public health, medicine development, and safety testing, drug legislation, and safety. PJAMMR follows a rigorous peer-review process to ensure the quality of its published articles. The journal is an important source of information for medical professionals, and researchers interested in multi scripting topic and related disciplines in Pakistan and beyond.</p> Nowshera Medical Colleage,Nowshera en-US Pakistan journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research 2957-5893 https://www.pjammr.com/index.php/pjammr/article/view/21 <p><strong>Background :</strong> Incurable COPD is preventable and treatable. Airflow restriction, persistent lung inflammation, and respiratory tract symptoms lead to bronchiolitis and emphysema. It's caused by constant chemical and gas exposure. Comorbidities and exacerbations aggravate COPD, which is caused by complex biological processes. Globally, COPD will be the third greatest cause of death by 2030. Since 16th century, COPD, its diseases, and clinical presentation have been understood. Smoking, tobacco, industrial pollutants, interior pollution, outdoor air pollution, gender, and genetic inheritance affect worldwide incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Chemical exposure and population ageing will exacerbate COPD in the coming years. COVID-19 accelerates COPD and slows recovery.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>COPD, airflow restriction, inflammation, comorbidities</p> Asna Umer Iqra Lodhi Faiza sultan Zunaira Tehseen Farkhanda Sarwar Sidra Rao Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2024-02-12 2024-02-12 2 02