Effect of biofuel vulnerability on lungs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease patients : Review Article

Asna  Umer; Iqra Lodhi; Faiza sultan; Zunaira Tehseen; Farkhanda Sarwar; Sidra Rao

doi:10.69837/pjammr.v1i02.21

Effect of biofuel vulnerability on lungs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease patients

Review Article

Authors

Asna Umer
Iqra Lodhi
Faiza sultan
Zunaira Tehseen
Farkhanda Sarwar
Sidra Rao

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69837/pjammr.v1i02.21

Keywords:

COPD, airflow restriction, inflammation, comorbidities

Abstract

Background : Incurable COPD is preventable and treatable. Airflow restriction, persistent lung inflammation, and respiratory tract symptoms lead to bronchiolitis and emphysema. It's caused by constant chemical and gas exposure. Comorbidities and exacerbations aggravate COPD, which is caused by complex biological processes. Globally, COPD will be the third greatest cause of death by 2030. Since 16th century, COPD, its diseases, and clinical presentation have been understood. Smoking, tobacco, industrial pollutants, interior pollution, outdoor air pollution, gender, and genetic inheritance affect worldwide incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Chemical exposure and population ageing will exacerbate COPD in the coming years. COVID-19 accelerates COPD and slows recovery.

Keywords: COPD, airflow restriction, inflammation, comorbidities

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Published

22-02-2024

How to Cite

Umer, A. ., Iqra Lodhi, Faiza sultan, Zunaira Tehseen, Farkhanda Sarwar, & Sidra Rao. (2024). Effect of biofuel vulnerability on lungs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease patients : Review Article . Pakistan Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research, 1(02), 53–74. https://doi.org/10.69837/pjammr.v1i02.21

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Issue

Vol. 1 No. 02 (2023): Pakistan Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research(( jan-july-2023)

Section

Articles

License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licen ses/by/4.0/. © The Author(s) 2023